The FVRCP vaccine is a combination vaccine, meaning it contains vaccines for multiple diseases in one injection. These are Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis, Calicivirus and Panleukopenia (FVRCP). It is given in a series of 3-4 injections to kittens starting at 6-8 weeks of age, and then a booster is given 1 year after the final kitten shot. After that this combo shot is given every 3 years to most cats.
FVRCP is considered a core vaccine, meaning that it should be given to all cats no matter what their lifestyle is. These viruses are all potentially airborne and can be transmitted via indirect contact, so even an indoor only cat can become exposed. The following should serve to better describe the diseases covered by this vaccine and explain why your NYC cat could be at risk.
Rhinotracheitis – Rhinotracheitis is an upper respiratory disease of cats caused by herpesvirus-1. Most people and veterinarians commonly refer to this virus simply as feline herpes. Similar to other herpes viruses, once exposed a cat never gets rid of this virus and can either carry the virus without symptoms or “break” with symptoms during times of stress. Symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, ocular discharge and inflammation of the tissue around the eye. In fact, this virus is the most common cause of conjunctivitis in cats. Some cats can become lethargic and weak with loss of appetite. Cats with mild symptoms may recover from their symptoms without any specific treatment. Many cats with this disease will be treated with topical or oral anti-virals or antibiotics. Young or immunosuppressed cats can develop pneumonia, which can require hospitalization and even result in death. Feline herpes is spread via saliva or discharge from the eyes and nose. Cats become infected through direct contact with an infected cat or via indirect contact (i.e. contaminated objects such as food bowls, bedding and clothing). Cats from shelters, multicat households or those that board frequently are at greatest risk of exposure. Feline herpes can be transmitted to any domestic or wild cat, but cannot be transmitted to humans or dogs.
Calicivirus – Calicivirus is another common respiratory disease in cats. Symptoms include sneezing, nasal discharge and congestion, ocular discharge and conjunctivitis. This virus can also cause oral ulcers, stomatitis, lameness, pneumonia and fever. Calicivirus is spread via direct or indirect contact with contaminated bodily fluids (saliva, nasal and ocular discharge). Sick cats are generally treated with supportive care and antibiotics for secondary infections. Severe cases can require hospitalization. Calicivirus is seen more commonly in cats from multicat facilities, shelters and catteries. Young kittens are at highest risk of infection. The virus can be transmitted to any domestic or wild cat, but humans and dogs are not at risk of infection.
Panleukopenia – Panleukopenia is a virus that can cause severe gastrointestinal disease in cats, most often young unvaccinated kittens. It is commonly referred to as feline distemper, although the disease more closely resembles parvovirus in dogs and is actually caused by a similar virus. Symptoms of panleukopenia include fever, vomiting, loss of appetite, and diarrhea. The onset of this disease can be quick and even cause sudden death in young kittens or senior cats. Treatment consists of intense supportive care due to the potential severity of the disease. Panleukopenia is spread via direct or indirect contact with secretions from an infected animal. The virus itself is very resistant and can persist for up to one year in the environment. Cats from shelters, rural areas or those who go outside are at greatest risk of infection. Minks, ferrets, raccoons and wild cats can all carry the virus and can act as a potential wildlife reservoir for this disease. Panleukopenia cannot be transmitted to humans or dogs.